Determination of the Optimal Breeding Time in the Bitch: Basic Considerations
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction There is considerable variation in the time of ovulation in relation to the onset of vulval swelling and serosanguinous discharge of early proestrus. This is often not understood by dog breeders and they frequently impose standard mating regimes upon their bitches. These regimes usually involve a plan for breeding at a predetermined or defined number of days after the onset of vulval "bleeding", i.e., serosanguinous discharge. As a result of this, many bitches are often mated at an inappropriate time, and this constitutes the commonest cause of apparent infertility in bitches. However, there is often a need to schedule the times of planned matings several days ahead of time to accommodate the transport of the bitch to the locality of the intended stud dog. Breeding management as a veterinary service is often limited to advising on when to transport the bitch for breeding, given the constraints of personal schedules and possibly limited availability of the intended stud dogs. There are several investigative methods for identifying the optimal mating time, including measurement of plasma hormone concentrations, examination of exfoliated vaginal cells, and vaginal endoscopy. Failure to detect the time of ovulation and achieve a pregnancy during a particular ovarian cycle can be a significant problem in this species. Dogs are mono-estrous, and although the inter-estrus interval averages about 7 months (i.e., 31 weeks) it is very variable, ranging in normal cycling bitches from 4.5 to 13 months or longer.
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